3.1.1 UTS NETWORK
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| UTS NETWORK AT A STATION |
The UTS requires a network to store the details of unreserved tickets at central database at CRIS (Centre for Railway Information System).
3.1.2 BASIC REQUIREMENT OF UTS NETWORK
1) MEDIA
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| TYPES OF MEDIA |
1) OPTICAL FIBRE CABLE (OFC)
It is the most extensively used media in UTS. It is used in two modes
1) Single mode ( BSNL/MTNL leased lines).
2) Multi-mode (rail)
Length of OFCs used in railway is generally 400 km. Now here LED's are used to produce lasers which in turn carries information. Now as the laser travels through space its aperture increases which decreases its bandwidth so there is a requirement of repeater stations at suitable distance. The OFC used in railways in 24 fibre (2 fibre per system)
2) UNDERGROUND CABLE
Copper underground cable is used for communication. But it can't support high speed network efficiently.
3) MICROWAVE
Wireless communication is used for communicating. It is now becoming absolute because it takes crores of rupees to lease a band of spectrum.
4) VSAT (Versatile satellite communication)
It is used where ever none of the above is possible like in emergency situation and hilly areas satellite communication is used.
2) STM ( SYNCHRONOUS TRANSPORT MODULE )
STM is an equipment which is used to connect OFC to network. It converts light information to electrical information and vice versa. Basically it has two pair (one optical fibre trans and other recieve in one pair) of optical ports. It multiplexes the whole optical data into 2 Mbps E1 / Tributary. ( Note:- 2 Mbps line is called E1, 4 Mbps E2 and 16 Mbps E3 ) . These E1 are 63 pairs in total which can be further divided into 30 channels. High speed networks (data networks) like UTS requires 2 Mbps line directly. For VF ( Voice Frequency ) the 2mbps line is put into MUX ( multiplexer) and 30 channels are taken out and given as per requirement. So STM-1 has capacity of 63 X 30 channels i.e 1890 channels!!!!
3) MODEM
Modem as we all know is used to modulate and demodulate information on network. Here two of modem are used. In the line side
G703 / L-type modem is used ( E1 is connected to it ) and network side V-35 N' type is used ( router is connected to it). So Tx of G703 / L-type modem is connected to Rx of V-35 N' type modem and vice versa. Two modems are used because router cannot be directly connected to G703 / L-type modem because the ports are different. Also G703 / L-type modem gives analog output which is converted to digital output by V-35 N' type modem and vice versa.
4) ROUTER
The V-35 N' type modem is connected through HWIC (high way interface cable ) cable to switch. For more info read WEEK 2 of this blog. Railway uses 3845 series CISCO range of routers.
5) SWITCH
For more information read WEEK 2 of this blog. Switch contains RJ-45 connectors to connect thin client. Railway uses 2960 CISCO make router which has 24 ports. We can make more ports by using one port and connecting it to other switch making 46 ports.
6) PATCH PANEL
Patch panel is nothing but an extension of RJ-45 connectors in switch as switch is a sensitive device. So, if counters are far then Patch panel is used to extend the connector.
7) THIN CLIENT
Thin client is nothing but an end device either a computer or a monitor. This is where ticket is issued. In case the UTS network goes down due to some defect it gives backup for 72 hours and ticket can be issued. If network is repaired then this data is automatically uploaded into CRIS servers else no more tickets can be issued.
That ends the brief discussion about UTS network. Well I couldn't imagine such complex things are there behind buying a ticket
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