1.2 TYPES OF CONTROL (DEMONSTRATION) CONTD2...
Now let's give you an insight into traction power control , its organisation and structure.
Well, basically its like this
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| DIVISION OF TRD |
1.2.1 TRACTION DISTRIBUTION(TRD)
Traction Distribution basically refers to the overhead wires that carry 2.5 kV electricity to power the trains. It is divided onto four sections which are explained in briefly below
a) OVERHEAD EQUIPMENT (OHE)
Overhead Distribution as the name suggests is a system of conductors / equipment carrying power from traction sub station to electric locomotive. It consists of traction wires which are supported by swivelling type Cantilever bracket assembly maintaining constant tension of 1000 kg per conductor. This tension is kept constant. It automatically compensates the variations in conductor length due to change in temperature through the regulating equipment erected at the termination of conductors, also known as Automatic Tensioning Device. E.g. Overhead wired, poles supporting them etc.
b) POWER SUPPLY INSTALLATION (PSI)
It basically deals with the supply of power to traction as well as other systems like signalling etc to ensure uninterrupted as well as reliable supply of power. It consists of stations and substations consisting of transformers as well as switching stations for protection. 132 kV AC 50 Hz single phase power supply for electric traction is derived from the grid of State Electricity Boards through traction sub-stations located along the route of the electrified sections at distance of 35 to 50 km apart . It is then transformed into 25 kV for use in trains.
c) SIGNAL AND TELECOMMUNICATION (S&T)
It deals with monitoring of traction lines substations as well as modification of traction lines remotely. Examples are:- communicating with repair workers if repairs are needed and communication between different stations in case of need.
d) REMOTE CONTROL CENTRE (RCC)
The Remote Control Centre (RCC) constitutes the 'heart' of the control system from where the switching operations over the electrified system are controlled by one single authority i.e., the Traction Power Controller. The RCC shall be manned throughout the 24 hours. It helps to control the supply area by one central point.
The remote control of the system is provided through means called SCADA ( Supervisory control and data acquisition ) and RTU (Remote Terminal Unit)
1.2.2 SUPERVISORY CONTROL AND DATA ACQUISITION (SCADA)
It is a software defined operation of a system through coded signals over a communication channel. It is used to supervise a system as well as monitor and store records for further evaluation of the system safety and working. It is a form of industrial control system that manage various services which in this case is power supply.
1.2.3 REMOTE TERMINAL UNIT (RTU)
It is basically a microprocessor-based electronic device which interfaces physical world with SCADA by sending message signals to SCADA and using message signals from SCADA to control physical equipments like switch etc.
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