WEEK 4 : DAY 2 SOME GENERAL INFO

4.1 SOME GENERAL INFO

        Basically I cannot categorise this class easily into one set. So, I termed it "SOME GENERAL INFO". Well it basically give an overview about everything that we are going to study. 

        As we all know every equipment requires standards for quality control. But since railways has his own equipments so it has its own standards given by RDSO (Research and Design organisation) which designs as well as sets standards for Railway equipment. Since railways design its own equipments they have no value in open market. Hence there is no point standardising them according to normal market requirements.

4.2.1 Types of channels

        As we already know what they are I will continue forward. For OFC (optical fibre network) we will talk later. For now it is used wherever large amount of data is there as it is costly to estabilish

4.2.2 Gate Phone

• There are two types of gates :-

       1) Unmanned Gate :- It does not have a gate personnel posted there. It is used where there is very less traffic and people.

       2) Manned Gate :- It have a gate personnel 24X7. Basically it is used in highly populated areas and heavy traffic zones and crossings.

• Gate phone is used in manned gate.
• It is used as a communication medium between ASM(Assistant Station Master) and the gate man.
• The average length between two stations in India is around 10 km (8 to 12 km) which contains an average of  gates per pair of station.

4.2.3 Cable description

1) Copper Wires

• 6 Quad wire i.e 6 wires and 4 group copper wires are used in Railways
• Loop resistance is 56Ω/km .
• They are of Two types:-

       1) PVC insulated 

• It is coated with Polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
• It is basically used for indoor wiring as protection of wire from external sources is low.

       2) PIJF insulated 

• Full form is Polythene Insulated Jellybean cable.
• Metal shield is there to protect it from external noises.
• There is two coating of PVC and a metal shield is there to protect.

1) Optical Fibre Cables

• Works on the principle of total internal reflection.
• 24 fibre tube 6 groups and 4 fibre in each.
• They require special equipments for transmitting data.
• It has high installation and maintenance cost.
• But its running cost is very low for huge and high speed networks.
• 
  

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